Chapter. 8.6.

👉The table of contents is here.

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 

8.6. Entente institution of the World Commonwealth 

The World Commonwealth is a global governing organization that transcends the system of exclusive sovereign states, unlike the United Nations and the European Union, which are merely federations of sovereign states. Therefore, diplomatic activities based on negotiations between exclusive sovereign states that pursue their national interests first will no longer exist.

More specifically, the traditional method of sovereign states exchanging diplomats with diplomatic privileges to conduct diplomatic activities will be abolished. In addition, the diplomatic agency (Ministry or Department of Foreign Affairs) that manages the diplomatic affairs of sovereign states and sends diplomats will also be abolished.

Instead, the World Commonwealth will be used as a large framework, and various political and economic adjustments - ententes - will be carried out within it between the World Commonwealth and its constituent Zones, or between the constituent Zones on either side of the World Commonwealth. The ententes referred to here has a different meaning from the historical term such as the "Triple Entente," and refers to the various adjustment-oriented consultation activities themselves.

To mediate such entente activities, a representative body of the World Commonwealth (World Commonwealth Delegation) is established in each Zone. The Delegation is composed of one resident representative, two deputies, and a secretariat, and is responsible for negotiations between the World Commonwealth and the constituent Zones. The resident representative is appointed by the First Secretary of the World Commonwealth from among the natives of the Zone, and serves as the First Secretary's representative.

However, since the resident representative of the World Commonwealth does not have diplomatic privileges, if he or she commits an illegal act in the Zone, it will be dealt with according to the law of that Zone, but in order to detain him or her,  the consent of the Zonal Commons' Convention Entente Committee, described below, is required.

The Zonal Commons' Convention Entente Committee is the committee that serves as the entente point for the World Commonwealth. This committee is established as a standing committee of the Commons' Convention and has a nature equivalent to the current Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee, but its duties are the very negotiations themselves, and it has a complex mission that is, so to speak, a combination of the Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee and the Ministry or Department of Foreign Affairs. The Chair of the Commons' Convention Entente Committee has a status comparable to that of the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

As we saw in the previous article, each Zone will send an ambassador-delegate to the World Commonwealth, but no representative institution for each Zone will be established in the World Commonwealth. This is the exact opposite of the current system in which member countries establish Permanent Missions in the United Nations. However, small offices will be established to handle the affairs of the Zone's ambassador-delegate.

👉The papers published on this blog are meant to expand upon my On Communism. 

Chapter 8.5.

👉The table of contents so far is here.

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 

8.5. Institutions for the protection of human rights

Basic human rights must be guaranteed on a global scale as universal rights that apply to all people on Earth, but the transcendental concept of national sovereignty has been an obstacle to this. In this respect, the World Commonwealth will be freed from the national sovereignty thesis and will also be freed from the barriers to global human rights protection.

The Board of Human Rights Review and Enforcement will be established in the World Commonwealth as a judicial body. In this regard, it would be worth considering establishing an institution in the form of a human rights court, but the protection of human rights in the World Commonwealth will not be limited to the judicial resolution of specific cases, but will include correcting the enforcement of laws in each Zone in light of the World Commonwealth Charter and other human rights treaties (world law), so the World Commonwealth will adopt the form of a review and enforcement board.

In principle, cases of human rights violations are first examined and resolved by a judicial body in the Zone to which the person whose human rights have been violated belongs, but if the matter cannot be resolved there or there is little possibility of resolution, the person may directly bring the matter to the World Commonwealth.

The Board of Human Rights Review and Enforcement examines cases it receives in light of the World Commonwealth Charter and can suspend any acts that violate the Charter. For example, if a law in Zone A violates the World Commonwealth Charter, the Human Rights Inspection Board can suspend the enforcement of that law.

In that respect, the Board is similar to an unconstitutionality review body, but its focus is not on constitutionality review itself, but rather on the suspension of specific acts of human rights violation. The Board can also invalidate the enforcement of laws and regulations that violate treaties other than the Charter in the Zone.

Furthermore, if a human rights violation constitutes a crime against humanity, the Board will set up The Special Humanitarian Court based on its decision, and this court will try the crime against humanity. Unlike the Board, this court will conduct its hearings in the form of a criminal trial.

Defendants found guilty by this court will be sentenced to either lethal measure or lifelong hard labor in a remote area, depending on the charges. These measures are not criminal punishments, but are eradication measures aimed at preventing the recurrence of crimes against humanity by the remnants of anti-humanity crime groups. However, it is not denied that the merits of lethal measure may be subject to debate.

👉The papers published on this blog are meant to expand upon my On Communism.