TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface  page1

Chapter 1: In Search of "True Democracy" 

 1.1. Deepening of democracy  page2
 1.2. The impossibility of direct democracy  page3
 1.3. The undemocratic, the "state"  page4
 1.4. Democracy and communism  page5

Chapter 2: Idea of the Commons' Convention

 2.1. Theory of commons' sovereignty  page6
 2.2. Semi-direct representation  page7
 2.3. Differences between a Commons' Convention and a parliament  page8
 2.4. Differences between a Commons’ Convention and a Soviet system page9

Chapter 3: Details on the organization of the Commons' Convention -part 1-

 3.1. General Commons' Convention and Local Commons' Convention  page10
 3.2. Two Types: federal and unitary  page11
 3.3. Basic structure of the Commons' Convention  page12
 3.4. Organizational Structure of the General Commons' Convention  page13
 3.5. Organizational structure of the local Commons' Convention  page14

Chapter 4: Details on the organization of the Commons' Convention -part 2-

 4.1. Comprehensive governing organization  page15
 4.2. Legislative function of the Commons' Convention  page16
 4.3. Administrative Functions of the Commons' Convention  page17
 4.4. Judicial Functions of the Commons' Convention  page18
 4.5. The Commons' Convention and the Economic Plan  page19

Chapter 5: Status of the Commons' Convention Delegates

 5.1. Delegate License  page20
 5.2. Selection of delegates by lottery and term of office  page21
 5.3. Rights and Obligations of Representatives  page22
 5.4. Special delegates  page23
 5.5. Transnational delegates  page24

Chapter 6: The Idea of ​​the World Commonwealth

 6.1. Towards a world without states  page25
 6.2. From ethnic self-determination to human co-determination  page26
 6.3. Institutionalization of Permanent Peace  page27
 6.4. Global Participatory Democracy  page28

Chapter 7: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 1 -

 7.1. The World Commonwealth and The Zone  page29
 7.2. The World Commons' Convention  page30
 7.3. The World Commonwealth and the Grand-Zone  page31
 7.4. The Conference of the Grand-Zonal Permanent Representatives Plenipotentiary  page32

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 -

 8.1. Non-bureaucratic administration  page33
 8.2. Core and principal organs, etc.  page34
 8.3. Dispute Resolution Institutions  page35
 8.4. Transnational Commons' Forces  page36
 8.5. Institutions for the protection of human rights  page37
 8.6. Entente institution of the World Commonwealth  page38

Chapter. 8.6.

👉The table of contents is here.

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 

8.6. Entente institution of the World Commonwealth 

The World Commonwealth is a global governing organization that transcends the system of exclusive sovereign states, unlike the United Nations and the European Union, which are merely federations of sovereign states. Therefore, diplomatic activities based on negotiations between exclusive sovereign states that pursue their national interests first will no longer exist.

More specifically, the traditional method of sovereign states exchanging diplomats with diplomatic privileges to conduct diplomatic activities will be abolished. In addition, the diplomatic agency (Ministry or Department of Foreign Affairs) that manages the diplomatic affairs of sovereign states and sends diplomats will also be abolished.

Instead, the World Commonwealth will be used as a large framework, and various political and economic adjustments - ententes - will be carried out within it between the World Commonwealth and its constituent Zones, or between the constituent Zones on either side of the World Commonwealth. The ententes referred to here has a different meaning from the historical term such as the "Triple Entente," and refers to the various adjustment-oriented consultation activities themselves.

To mediate such entente activities, a representative body of the World Commonwealth (World Commonwealth Delegation) is established in each Zone. The Delegation is composed of one resident representative, two deputies, and a secretariat, and is responsible for negotiations between the World Commonwealth and the constituent Zones. The resident representative is appointed by the First Secretary of the World Commonwealth from among the natives of the Zone, and serves as the First Secretary's representative.

However, since the resident representative of the World Commonwealth does not have diplomatic privileges, if he or she commits an illegal act in the Zone, it will be dealt with according to the law of that Zone, but in order to detain him or her,  the consent of the Zonal Commons' Convention Entente Committee, described below, is required.

The Zonal Commons' Convention Entente Committee is the committee that serves as the entente point for the World Commonwealth. This committee is established as a standing committee of the Commons' Convention and has a nature equivalent to the current Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee, but its duties are the very negotiations themselves, and it has a complex mission that is, so to speak, a combination of the Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee and the Ministry or Department of Foreign Affairs. The Chair of the Commons' Convention Entente Committee has a status comparable to that of the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

As we saw in the previous article, each Zone will send an ambassador-delegate to the World Commonwealth, but no representative institution for each Zone will be established in the World Commonwealth. This is the exact opposite of the current system in which member countries establish Permanent Missions in the United Nations. However, small offices will be established to handle the affairs of the Zone's ambassador-delegate.

👉The papers published on this blog are meant to expand upon my On Communism. 

Chapter 8.5.

👉The table of contents so far is here.

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 

8.5. Institutions for the protection of human rights

Basic human rights must be guaranteed on a global scale as universal rights that apply to all people on Earth, but the transcendental concept of national sovereignty has been an obstacle to this. In this respect, the World Commonwealth will be freed from the national sovereignty thesis and will also be freed from the barriers to global human rights protection.

The Board of Human Rights Review and Enforcement will be established in the World Commonwealth as a judicial body. In this regard, it would be worth considering establishing an institution in the form of a human rights court, but the protection of human rights in the World Commonwealth will not be limited to the judicial resolution of specific cases, but will include correcting the enforcement of laws in each Zone in light of the World Commonwealth Charter and other human rights treaties (world law), so the World Commonwealth will adopt the form of a review and enforcement board.

In principle, cases of human rights violations are first examined and resolved by a judicial body in the Zone to which the person whose human rights have been violated belongs, but if the matter cannot be resolved there or there is little possibility of resolution, the person may directly bring the matter to the World Commonwealth.

The Board of Human Rights Review and Enforcement examines cases it receives in light of the World Commonwealth Charter and can suspend any acts that violate the Charter. For example, if a law in Zone A violates the World Commonwealth Charter, the Human Rights Inspection Board can suspend the enforcement of that law.

In that respect, the Board is similar to an unconstitutionality review body, but its focus is not on constitutionality review itself, but rather on the suspension of specific acts of human rights violation. The Board can also invalidate the enforcement of laws and regulations that violate treaties other than the Charter in the Zone.

Furthermore, if a human rights violation constitutes a crime against humanity, the Board will set up The Special Humanitarian Court based on its decision, and this court will try the crime against humanity. Unlike the Board, this court will conduct its hearings in the form of a criminal trial.

Defendants found guilty by this court will be sentenced to either lethal measure or lifelong hard labor in a remote area, depending on the charges. These measures are not criminal punishments, but are eradication measures aimed at preventing the recurrence of crimes against humanity by the remnants of anti-humanity crime groups. However, it is not denied that the merits of lethal measure may be subject to debate.

👉The papers published on this blog are meant to expand upon my On Communism. 

Chapter 8.4.

👉The table of contents so far is here.

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 -

8.4. Transnational Commons' Forces

The biggest difference between the World Commonwealth and the United Nations (UN) is that the former is not based on the political unit of nations, which means that it is not based on the premise of an army (national military). The World Commonwealth is not a "collective security" organization like the UN, but a non-military "permanent peace" organization.

Therefore, the World Commonwealth Charter, which corresponds to the constitution, has the abolition of arms as its most important clause, and the Zones that make up the World Commonwealth are not allowed to possess their own military organizations. 

As a result, most conflicts are resolved through the two-stage non-military process mentioned in the previous article, and the WC should not need its own military force. However, we do not exclude cases where such non-military solutions have limitations, or where a certain amount of force is necessary to monitor peace after a conflict is resolved. Therefore, as a practical policy, the World Commonwealth should be allowed to possess a certain amount of armed organization - transnational commons' forces.

Even in this case, the transnational commons' forces do not need to be a full-fledged military organization; under the current system, an armed police organization like the gendarmerie of France and French-speaking countries would be sufficient. Such an armed police organization directly under the World Commonwealth would be a standing armed police force of a certain size, with small naval and air units for transport purposes only attached.

However, this organization would not be completely integrated, and it would be more realistic for the actual forces to be supervised by the Peace Council, with Zones that have concluded agreements with the Council entrusted with recruiting and training troops in accordance with the World Commonwealth's regulations, and then integrated and operated by the Command Commission, a subordinate organ of the Council, based on the Council's deployment resolution.

In addition to the above, there is also the separate issue of whether or not we should have forces for the defense of the entire Earth. At the moment, this is a bit like science fiction, but it is a preparation for extraterrestrial attacks or more realistic situations such as a meteorite impact.

There is no rush to reach a definitive conclusion on this issue, but if such a global defense capability is to be maintained, then again it does not need to be a full-fledged military organization; an organization such as an air defense alert force for exclusively defensive purposes would be necessary and sufficient.

There is no rush to reach a definitive conclusion on this issue, but if such a global defense capability is to be maintained, then again it does not need to be a full-fledged military organization; an organization such as an air defense alert force for exclusively defensive purposes would be necessary and sufficient.

In any case, it must not be forgotten that the World Commonwealth in its ultimate form is a permanent peace organization free from all military force, and that the transnational commons' forces retained from a practical standpoint should also be the minimum necessary and supplemental.

👉The papers published on this blog are meant to expand upon my On Communism. 

Chapter 8.3.

👉The table of contents so far is here.

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 -

8.3. Dispute Resolution Institutions

Even under the World Commonwealth where the world is united as one, it is impossible to completely eliminate disputes such as border disputes between constituent Zones, issues regarding the attribution of specific regions, and even issues of separation within Zones. In preparation for such cases, the World Commonwealth prepares a two-tiered system.

The first is judicial settlement. This type of transnational justice is primarily carried out by a Judicial Committee established in the Commons' Convention of the Grand-Zone, which is the regional unity of Zones. The Judicial Committee of the Grand-Zonal Commons' Convention (hereinafter simply referred to as the Judicial Committee) is a permanent institution established as a collegial body composed of judges from neutral Zones within the Grand-Zone other than the Zones involved in the dispute.

The Judicial Committee is initiated when one of the Zones involved in the dispute files a legal lawsuit with the Judicial Committee, and does not require the agreement of all the Zones involved. The decision of the Judicial Committee is binding on all the Zones involved.

However, a dissatisfied Zone may appeal. The Judicial Council of the World Commonwealth is responsible for the appellate hearing. The Judicial Council is a non-permanent body that is established whenever an appeal is made, and its members are composed of Zones other than the Zones of the parties to the dispute. Appeal decisions are final, and a third trial is not permitted.

The World Commonwealth's judicial settlement, which has no concept of national sovereignty, is recognized as binding on the Zones of the parties to the dispute, so it is expected that most disputes will be resolved judicially. However, in case a settlement cannot be reached, conflict mediation and peacemaking will be provided by the World Commonwealth's Peace Council. That is,

When the Peace Council recognizes the occurrence or real danger of an armed conflict, it first appoints an "emergency mediation panel" made up of experts from neutral Zones other than the Zones of the dispute, and works to end the conflict.

Even if the mediation by this "emergency mediation panel" is successful, a "peace-making group" made up of professionally trained personnel will be kept on standby under the Peace Council to prevent recurrence and monitor the implementation of the mediation, and can be dispatched to the conflict area at any time upon a resolution of the Peace Council.

👉The papers published on this blog are meant to expand upon my On Communism. 

Chapter 8.2.

👉The table of contents so far is here.

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 -

8.2. Core and principal organs, etc.

The World Commonwealth will be composed of the World Commons' Convention, which is also its General Assembly, as its core organ, as well as an executive body and other principal organs, and various subsidiary and specialized bodies. There is no single concrete proposal, but I will give one possible example here, taking into account the contents I have previously written in the form of articles in my "World Commonwealth Charter" - For details on the outline and powers of each body, please refer to the "Charter."

First, in terms of the overall structure, the basic premise is that all organs, including the Conference of the Grand-Zonal Permanent Representatives Plenipotentiary, which will act as the executive body of the World Commonwealth, will belong to the World Commons' Convention, or General Assembly which is the core organ. Here too, a ｍulti-headed dragon-like structure such as the separation of powers will be avoided.

The principal organs include the Conference of Plenipotentiaries, as well as the Sustainability Council, Peace Council, Judicial Council, Social and Cultural Council, which are all separate meetings of the General Assembly, and the Board of Human Rights Review and Enforcement.

Of the above, the main duties of each Council are to handle transnational issues that arise in each of its fields of responsibility and to draft related draft world treaties. The member Zones of the Councils are selected by lottery for a fixed term of office, and the General Assembly delegates representing that Zone serve as Council delegates.

All Zones must participate in this lottery, but a single Zone cannot serve as a member on more than one Council at the same time, and cannot serve as a member on the same Council for two consecutive terms.

Since each Council is a separate meeting of the General Assembly, council resolutions are not final in themselves, and they do not take effect until they are finally deliberated and passed at the General Assembly.

Subsidiary bodies and specialized agencies are established under each Council, which will carry out specialized practical work in their respective fields of responsibility under the supervision of the Council. Many of the specialized agencies will likely be successors to the current UN specialized agencies.

However, because the World Commonwealth are constructed as a communist global superstructure, specialized agencies based on a monetary economy and capitalism such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank will be abolished.

The most important subsidiary agency unique to the World Commonwealth will be the Economic Planning Organization. Economic planning are carried out in each Zone by the Economic Planning Conference that is independent of the Commons' Convention, but economic planning at the World Commonwealth level are carried out by the Economic Planning Organization that will be placed under the Sustainability Council.

👉The papers published on this blog are meant to expand upon my On Communism. 

Chapter 8.1.

👉The table of contents so far is here.

Chapter 8: Specifics of the Organization of the World Commonwealth - Part 2 -

8.1. Non-bureaucratic administration

The flaw inherent in current international organizations such as the United Nations and the European Union is bureaucracy. These organizations do not have inherent sovereignty, but because of this, political positions tend to become honorary, and they have a tendency for bureaucrats to take over the practical aspects of the organization.

The World Commonwealth, as a transnational organization, must be free from such bureaucracy. As we have seen in the previous article, the reason why the World Commonwealth is based on the World Commons' Convention is to eliminate bureaucracy and thoroughly implement administration by the Commons with the Commons' Convention at its core.

The World Commons' Convention will be composed of delegates elected by each Zonal Commons' Convention, but these delegates are not bureaucratic diplomats, but rather political officials with democratic foundations who will play a central role in its operations. In addition, the Conference of the Grand-Zonal Permanent Representatives Plenipotentiary described in the previous article will act as the executive body of the World Commonwealth, guaranteeing actual authority to political officials in terms of execution as well.

Not only that, but the specific organizational structure will also aim for a non-bureaucratic operation. The Secretariat will not be an independent main organization, but will be refined into a literally practical organization that will handle the affairs of the World Commonwealth under the World Commons' Convention, and its head, the Chief Secretary, will have no authority beyond that of a practical manager.

Furthermore, the major organs in each field will not have a vertical structure like the current UN, where the Security Council and Economic and Social Council are established in parallel with the General Assembly, but will be established as permanent councils of the World Commons' Convention which has the same status as the General Assembly. Therefore, the representatives of the member Zones that run these major organs will be served concurrently by Zonal delegates to the World Commons' Convention.

In reality, the general staff of the World Commonwealth Secretariat, each major organ, and other affiliated organs are a kind of bureaucrat as civil servants of the World Commonwealth, but the number of these practical staff will be kept to a minimum, allowing delegates to the World Commons' Convention to exercise actual authority.

👉The papers published on this blog are meant to expand upon my On Communism.